Pod network duplication

Pod network duplication is a Kubernetes pod-level chaos fault that injects chaos to disrupt the network connectivity to Kubernetes pods. This fault injects chaos on the specific container by starting a traffic control (tc) process with netem rules to add egress delays.

Pod Network Duplication

Use cases

Pod network duplication:

Determines the application's resilience to duplicate network.
Simulates a degraded network with varied percentages of dropped packets between microservices (dropped at the destination).

Prerequisites

Kubernetes > 1.16
The application pods should be in the running state before and after injecting chaos.

Permissions required

Below is a sample Kubernetes role that defines the permissions required to execute the fault.

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: hce
  name: pod-network-duplication
spec:
  definition:
    scope: Cluster # Supports "Namespaced" mode too
permissions:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "deletecollection", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "get", "list", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["pods/log"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["deployments, statefulsets"]
    verbs: ["get", "list"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["replicasets, daemonsets"]
    verbs: ["get", "list"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["chaosEngines", "chaosExperiments", "chaosResults"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "patch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["batch"]
    resources: ["jobs"]
    verbs: ["create", "delete", "get", "list", "deletecollection"]

Optional tunables

Tunable	Description	Notes
NETWORK_INTERFACE	Name of the ethernet interface considered for shaping traffic.	For more information, go to network interface.
TARGET_CONTAINER	Name of the container subject to network latency. Applicable for `containerd` and `crio` runtime only.	With these runtimes, if the value is not provided, the fault injects chaos into the first container of the pod. For more information, go to target specific container.
NETWORK_PACKET_DUPLICATION_PERCENTAGE	Packet duplication (in percentage).	Default: 100 %. For more information, go to network packet duplication.
CONTAINER_RUNTIME	Container runtime interface for the cluster.	Default: containerd. Supports docker, containerd and crio. For more information, go to container runtime.
SOCKET_PATH	Path to the containerd or crio or docker socket file.	Default: `/run/containerd/containerd.sock`. For more information, go to socket path.
TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION	Duration for which to insert chaos (in seconds).	Default: 60 s. For more information, go to duration of the chaos.
TARGET_PODS	Comma-separated list of application pod names subject to pod network corruption.	If the values are not provided, the fault selects target pods randomly based on provided appLabels. For more information, go to target specific pods.
NODE_LABEL	Node label used to filter the target node if `TARGET_NODE` environment variable is not set.	It is mutually exclusive with the `TARGET_NODE` environment variable. If both are provided, the fault uses `TARGET_NODE`. For more information, go to node label.
DESTINATION_IPS	Comma-separated IP addresses and ports of the services or pods or the CIDR blocks (range of IPs) whose accessibility is impacted. Comma-separated IPs or CIDRs can be provided.	If these values are not provided, the fault induces network chaos for all IPs or destinations. For more information, go to destination IPs .
DESTINATION_HOSTS	DNS names or FQDN names of the services and ports whose accessibility is impacted.	If the values are not provided, the fault induces network chaos for all IPs or destinations or DESTINATION_IPS if already defined. For more information, go to destination hosts.
SOURCE_PORTS	Ports of the target application, the accessibility to which is impacted	Comma separated port(s) can be provided. If not provided, it will induce network chaos for all ports. For more information, go to source ports.
DESTINATION_PORTS	Ports of the destination services or pods or the CIDR blocks(range of IPs), the accessibility to which is impacted	Comma separated port(s) can be provided. If not provided, it will induce network chaos for all ports. For more information, go to destination ports.
PODS_AFFECTED_PERC	Percentage of the total pods to target. Provide numeric values.	Default: 0 (corresponds to 1 replica). For more information, go to pod affected percentage.
RAMP_TIME	Period to wait before and after injecting chaos (in seconds).	For example, 30 s. For more information, go to ramp time.
LIB_IMAGE	Image used to inject chaos.	Default: `harness/chaos-go-runner:main-latest`. For more information, go to image used by the helper pod.
SEQUENCE	Sequence of chaos execution for multiple target pods.	Default: parallel. Supports serial and parallel. For more information, go to sequence of chaos execution.

tip

If the environment variables DESTINATION_HOSTS or DESTINATION_IPS are left empty, the default behaviour is to target all hosts. To limit the impact on all the hosts, you can specify the IP addresses of the service (use commas to separate multiple values) or the DNS or the FQDN names of the services in DESTINATION_HOSTS.

Network packet duplication

Network packet duplication (in percentage) injected into the target application. Tune it by using the NETWORK_PACKET_DUPLICATION_PERCENTAGE environment variable.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

# it injects network-duplication for the egress traffic
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  appinfo:
    appns: "default"
    applabel: "app=nginx"
    appkind: "deployment"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
    - name: pod-network-duplication
      spec:
        components:
          env:
            # network packet duplication percentage
            - name: NETWORK_PACKET_DUPLICATION_PERCENTAGE
              value: "100"
            - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
              value: "60"

Destination IPs and destination hosts

Default IPs and hosts whose traffic is interrupted due to the network faults. Tune it by using the DESTINATION_IPS and DESTINATION_HOSTS environment variables, respectively.

DESTINATION_IPS: It contains the IP addresses and ports of the services or pods or the CIDR blocks(range of IPs) whose accessibility is impacted.
DESTINATION_HOSTS: It contains the DNS names or FQDN names of the services and ports whose accessibility is impacted.

NOTE: Ports can be specified by using a pipe (|) as a separator. While providing ports is optional, omitting them will affect all ports associated with the destination IPs and hosts.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of these environment variables:

# it injects the chaos for the egress traffic for specific ips/hosts
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  appinfo:
    appns: "default"
    applabel: "app=nginx"
    appkind: "deployment"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
    - name: pod-network-duplication
      spec:
        components:
          env:
            # supports comma separated destination ips
            - name: DESTINATION_IPS
              value: "8.8.8.8,192.168.5.6|80|8080"
            # supports comma separated destination hosts
            - name: DESTINATION_HOSTS
              value: "nginx.default.svc.cluster.local|80,google.com"
            - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
              value: "60"

Source and destination ports

By default, the network experiments disrupt traffic for all the source and destination ports. The interruption of specific port(s) can be tuned via SOURCE_PORTS and DESTINATION_PORTS environment variables.

SOURCE_PORTS: It contains ports of the target application, the accessibility to which is impacted
DESTINATION_PORTS: It contains the ports of the destination services or pods or the CIDR blocks(range of IPs), the accessibility to which is impacted

Use the following example to tune this:

# it inject the chaos for the egress traffic for specific ports
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  appinfo:
    appns: "default"
    applabel: "app=nginx"
    appkind: "deployment"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
  - name: pod-network-duplication
    spec:
      components:
        env:
        # supports comma separated source ports
        - name: SOURCE_PORTS
          value: '80'
        # supports comma separated destination ports
        - name: DESTINATION_PORTS
          value: '8080,9000'
        - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
          value: '60'

Ignore source and destination ports

By default, the network experiments disrupt traffic for all the source and destination ports. The specific ports can be ignored via SOURCE_PORTS and DESTINATION_PORTS environment variables.

SOURCE_PORTS: Provide the comma separated source ports preceded by !, that you'd like to ignore from the chaos.
DESTINATION_PORTS: Provide the comma separated destination ports preceded by ! , that you'd like to ignore from the chaos.

Use the following example to tune this:

# ignore the source and destination ports
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  appinfo:
    appns: "default"
    applabel: "app=nginx"
    appkind: "deployment"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
  - name: pod-network-duplication
    spec:
      components:
        env:
        # it will ignore 80 and 8080 source ports
        - name: SOURCE_PORTS
          value: '!80,8080'
        # it will ignore 8080 and 9000 destination ports
        - name: DESTINATION_PORTS
          value: '!8080,9000'
        - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
          value: '60'

Network interface

Name of the ethernet interface considered to shape the traffic. Its default value is eth0. Tune it by using the NETWORK_INTERFACE environment variable.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of this environment variable:

# provide the network interface
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  appinfo:
    appns: "default"
    applabel: "app=nginx"
    appkind: "deployment"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
    - name: pod-network-duplication
      spec:
        components:
          env:
            # name of the network interface
            - name: NETWORK_INTERFACE
              value: "eth0"
            - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
              value: "60"

Container runtime and socket path

The CONTAINER_RUNTIME and SOCKET_PATH environment variables to set the container runtime and socket file path, respectively.

CONTAINER_RUNTIME: It supports docker, containerd, and crio runtime. The default value is containerd.
SOCKET_PATH: It contains path of containerd socket file by default(/run/containerd/containerd.sock). For docker, specify path as /var/run/docker.sock. For crio, specify path as /var/run/crio/crio.sock.

The following YAML snippet illustrates the use of these environment variables:

## provide the container runtime and socket file path
apiVersion: litmuschaos.io/v1alpha1
kind: ChaosEngine
metadata:
  name: engine-nginx
spec:
  engineState: "active"
  annotationCheck: "false"
  appinfo:
    appns: "default"
    applabel: "app=nginx"
    appkind: "deployment"
  chaosServiceAccount: litmus-admin
  experiments:
    - name: pod-network-duplication
      spec:
        components:
          env:
            # runtime for the container
            # supports docker, containerd, crio
            - name: CONTAINER_RUNTIME
              value: "containerd"
            # path of the socket file
            - name: SOCKET_PATH
              value: "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
            - name: TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION
              VALUE: "60"

Use cases​

Prerequisites​

Permissions required​

Optional tunables​

Network packet duplication​

Destination IPs and destination hosts​

Source and destination ports​

Ignore source and destination ports​

Network interface​

Container runtime and socket path​