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Pod API modify response custom

Combine status code, header, and body modifications on selected API calls of a target Kubernetes pod in a single fault, with filtering by path, method, query, source, or destination.

Pod API modify response custom is a Kubernetes pod-level chaos fault that combines status code, header, and body modifications on selected API calls in a single experiment. Think of it as Pod API modify body, Pod API modify header, and Pod API status code rolled into one fault. It accepts the same rich filter set (path, method, headers, query, source, destination) and supports HTTPS through user-supplied TLS certificates. When the fault ends, responses return to whatever the application produces.

Use this fault when one realistic failure scenario requires changing multiple aspects of a response at once: returning 429 with a Retry-After header and a JSON {"error":"rate_limited"} body, or simulating an upstream that returns 200 with corrupted JSON, or returning 503 with a custom X-Maintenance header to model planned downtime.

RUN YOUR FIRST EXPERIMENT

If you have not configured the chaos infrastructure yet, go to Quickstart to install the chaos infrastructure and run an experiment end to end.

Use cases

Run this fault when you want to answer concrete questions like:

  • Realistic rate-limit responses: Set STATUS_CODE=429, HEADERS_MAP={"Retry-After":"30"}, and RESPONSE_BODY={"error":"rate_limited"} to simulate a real-world rate-limited upstream. Does the client honor Retry-After?

  • Maintenance-window simulation: Return 503 with a custom X-Maintenance: planned header and an HTML maintenance page body. Does the client surface a useful message to end users?

  • Auth refresh path: Return 401 with WWW-Authenticate: Bearer error="invalid_token" and a matching JSON body. Does the client trigger the token-refresh flow rather than failing?

  • Backwards-compatibility breakage: Return 200 with a body missing a field the client expects. Does the client tolerate the new shape, or does it crash on the missing field?

  • Tenant-specific custom errors: Use HEADERS_FILTERS=X-Tenant: prod-eu to apply a different status, body, and headers only to one tenant.

Prerequisites

  • Kubernetes version: 1.21 or later. Go to What's supported to confirm distribution support.

  • Target pods are Running: The application pods you intend to target are in the Running state before the fault is launched.

  • Privileged pods allowed: The cluster lets you schedule privileged pods in the chaos namespace. GKE Autopilot supports this fault but requires the one-time setup in Chaos on GKE Autopilot; other locked-down distributions may need similar exemptions.

  • Container runtime access: The chaos pod can reach the container runtime socket on the target node (/run/containerd/containerd.sock, /var/run/docker.sock, or /var/run/crio/crio.sock).

  • API service on a known port: The target container serves HTTP, HTTPS, or gRPC traffic on a port you can specify with TARGET_SERVICE_PORT.

  • TLS material for HTTPS targets: When HTTPS_ENABLED=true, you provide CA, server, and (optionally) client certificate secrets so the proxy can terminate TLS and apply filters.

  • Workload selector defined: The chaos experiment knows the target workload by kind, namespace, and either names or labels.

Supported environments

Platform
Support status

Amazon EKS

Supported

Azure AKS

Supported

Google GKE

Supported

Red Hat OpenShift

Supported

Rancher

Supported

VMware Tanzu

Supported

Self-managed Kubernetes (CNCF-certified)

Supported

GKE Autopilot

Supported with Autopilot setup

EKS Fargate, ACI virtual nodes

Not supported (no access to container runtime sockets)

Permissions required

The fault runs under the chaos infrastructure's service account.

Resource (apiGroup)

Verbs

Why it is needed

pods ("")

get, list, create, delete, deletecollection, patch, update

Discover target pods and run the chaos pod on the same node

pods/log ("")

get, list, watch

Stream chaos pod logs for status and debugging

deployments, statefulsets, replicasets, daemonsets (apps)

get, list

Resolve the target workload to the pods it owns

events ("")

get, list, create, patch, update

Record fault progress as Kubernetes events

jobs (batch)

get, list, create, delete, deletecollection

Run the chaos job that drives the fault

secrets ("")

get, list

Read TLS certificate secrets when HTTPS_ENABLED=true

The default Harness chaos infrastructure service account already includes these permissions.

Fault tunables

Configure the following fault parameters when you add Pod API modify response custom to an experiment in Chaos Studio. Defaults are shown for reference. Any modification field (STATUS_CODE, HEADERS_MAP, RESPONSE_BODY) left empty is not applied; you can use any subset of the three.

Chaos parameters

Tunable
Description
Default

STATUS_CODE

HTTP status code to return. 0 keeps the application's original status code.

0

HEADERS_MAP

JSON object of header key-value pairs to inject or replace. Set a value to "" to remove that header. Empty leaves all headers unchanged.

""

RESPONSE_BODY

Body string to overwrite the response (or request, when DATA_DIRECTION includes request). Empty leaves the body unchanged.

""

DATA_DIRECTION

Which direction to modify: request, response, or both.

both

TRANSACTION_PERCENTAGE

Percentage of matched API calls to modify, between 0 and 100.

0

TARGET_SERVICE_PORT

Port the target container listens on for API traffic.

80

TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION

Duration of the fault in seconds.

60

Filters (API matching)

All filters are optional. Leave empty to match everything in that dimension. Combining filters narrows the match (AND across dimensions).

Tunable
Description
Default

PATH_FILTER

URL path the fault matches. Empty matches all paths.

""

METHODS

Comma-separated HTTP methods to match. Empty matches all methods.

""

QUERY_PARAMS

Query-parameter filter. Empty matches all query strings.

""

HEADERS_FILTERS

Header filter used to match incoming calls (distinct from HEADERS_MAP, which is used to inject). Empty matches all headers.

""

Filters (traffic source and destination)

Tunable
Description
Default

SERVICE_DIRECTION

Whether to filter ingress traffic (received by the pod) or egress traffic (sent from the pod).

ingress

SOURCE_HOSTS

Hostnames of the calling client (ingress only). Empty matches any source.

""

SOURCE_IPS

Source IPs of the calling client (ingress only). Empty matches any source.

""

DESTINATION_HOSTS

Destination hostnames for the call (egress only). Empty matches any destination.

""

DESTINATION_IPS

Destination IPs for the call (egress only). Empty matches any destination.

""

DESTINATION_PORTS

Comma-separated destination ports (egress only). Empty matches any port.

""

TLS (for HTTPS targets)

Tunable
Description
Default

HTTPS_ENABLED

Set to true when the target serves HTTPS so the proxy terminates TLS to apply filters.

false

CA_CERTIFICATES

Kubernetes secret holding the Base64-encoded CA certificate (ca.key, ca.crt).

""

SERVER_CERTIFICATES

Secret holding the Base64-encoded server certificate (server.key, server.crt).

""

CLIENT_CERTIFICATES

Secret holding the Base64-encoded client certificate (client.key, client.crt) for mTLS upstreams.

""

Proxy and interface

Tunable
Description
Default

PROXY_PORT

Port the chaos proxy listens on inside the container's network namespace.

20000

NETWORK_INTERFACE

Network interface inside the target container's namespace. Almost always eth0 for standard CNI plugins.

eth0

Targeting

Tunable
Description
Default

TARGET_PODS

Comma-separated list of pod names to target. Empty selects from the workload's pods using POD_AFFECTED_PERCENTAGE.

""

TARGET_CONTAINER

Container in the pod whose network namespace to enter. Empty targets the first container in the pod spec.

""

NODE_LABEL

Label selector to filter target pods by the node they run on. Empty disables node-based filtering.

""

POD_AFFECTED_PERCENTAGE

Percentage of the workload's pods to target. 0 means one pod.

0

SEQUENCE

When multiple pods are targeted, inject parallel (all at once) or serial (one after another).

parallel

Runtime and helper

Tunable
Description
Default

CONTAINER_RUNTIME

Container runtime on the target nodes. One of containerd, docker, crio.

containerd

SOCKET_PATH

Path to the container runtime socket on the target node. Set to match CONTAINER_RUNTIME.

/run/containerd/containerd.sock

RAMP_TIME

Wait period in seconds before and after the fault. Go to ramp time to read how it is applied.

0

Tunables that apply to every chaos fault are documented in common tunables for all faults.

USE JUST WHAT YOU NEED

If you only want to change the body, use Pod API modify body instead. Reach for this fault when a realistic failure requires more than one of status, body, and headers to change together.

Configure for your container runtime

Set CONTAINER_RUNTIME and SOCKET_PATH to match the runtime on the target node:

CONTAINER_RUNTIME

SOCKET_PATH

containerd (default)

/run/containerd/containerd.sock

docker

/var/run/docker.sock

crio

/var/run/crio/crio.sock

Fault execution in brief

Intercepts API traffic on TARGET_SERVICE_PORT inside the container's network namespace and, for the configured percentage of calls that match the path, method, header, query, and source or destination filters, simultaneously overrides the status code, headers, and body with the supplied values, optionally terminating TLS to apply the same logic to HTTPS calls.

Expected behavior during fault execution

  • API calls that match every configured filter have their response (and optionally request, depending on DATA_DIRECTION) rewritten with whatever combination of STATUS_CODE, HEADERS_MAP, and RESPONSE_BODY you set. Any of the three left empty is preserved as the application produced it.

  • Calls outside the filter set pass through unchanged. Only the percentage selected by TRANSACTION_PERCENTAGE is modified.

  • For HTTPS targets, the proxy terminates TLS using the supplied certificates so it can intercept and rewrite the call.

  • Clients see a single coherent response (for example, status + headers + body that all match the simulated scenario), exercising the same code paths a real upstream failure would.

WHEN THE FAULT ENDS

After TOTAL_CHAOS_DURATION, the proxy is torn down and API responses return to whatever the application produces.

Signals to watch

Attach resilience probes to assert each layer:

  • Client behavior matches the scenario: Use an HTTP probe to verify the client honors the headers you injected (such as Retry-After).

  • End-user error rate: Use a Prometheus probe on the top-level error counter to detect leakage of the simulated failure to end users.

  • Application logs: Use a command probe to look for stack traces from clients that did not handle the combined response correctly.

Verify the fault execution effect

While the experiment is running, confirm all three modifications land together:

  1. Make a matched call and inspect status, headers, and body.

    The status line should equal HTTP/1.1 <STATUS_CODE> ..., headers from HEADERS_MAP should appear (and removed keys should be absent), and the body should equal RESPONSE_BODY (or remain unchanged if it was empty).

  2. Confirm an unmatched call is untouched.

    A call to a different path or method should return the application's normal status, headers, and body.

Recovery and cleanup

  • End of duration: The proxy is removed automatically and API traffic returns to baseline.

  • Abort the experiment: Stopping the experiment from Chaos Studio triggers the same cleanup path.

  • Failed cleanup: If automated cleanup did not complete, restart the target pod to reset its network state.

Limitations

  • Serverless Kubernetes (EKS Fargate, ACI virtual nodes): These platforms do not expose container runtime sockets and reject the privileged access the fault needs. GKE Autopilot is supported once the one-time setup in Chaos on GKE Autopilot is in place.

  • Windows containers: This fault is supported on Linux pods only.

  • HTTPS without certificates: When HTTPS_ENABLED=true, the proxy must terminate TLS. If the supplied certificates do not chain to one the client trusts, the client refuses the connection before any filter is applied.

  • gRPC status: gRPC carries status in HTTP/2 trailers (grpc-status). This fault overrides HTTP status; gRPC clients also check grpc-status and may behave differently.

  • Pseudo-headers (HTTP/2): :method, :path, :status, :authority cannot be modified through HEADERS_MAP.

  • Port already bound: If PROXY_PORT collides with a port the target container is already using, the fault fails to start.

Troubleshooting

Pod API modify response custom experiment stays Pending or never starts in Harness Chaos Engineering

Inspect the chaos pods in the experiment namespace with kubectl describe pod -n . The most common causes are taints on the target node that the chaos pods do not tolerate, insufficient resources, or a PodSecurity admission policy blocking privileged pods. Add the required tolerations to the experiment or run in a namespace with privileged Pod Security level.

Responses are unchanged during pod-api-modify-response-custom

The most common causes are: TRANSACTION_PERCENTAGE is 0 (default) so no calls are modified; STATUS_CODE, HEADERS_MAP, and RESPONSE_BODY are all empty (nothing to apply); filters are over-specified and match no real traffic; HTTPS_ENABLED is false but the target serves HTTPS; or the supplied TLS certificates do not chain correctly. Re-run with TRANSACTION_PERCENTAGE=100 and a known STATUS_CODE like 503 to confirm the path.

TLS handshake fails for pod-api-modify-response-custom in Harness Chaos Engineering

Verify the secrets referenced by CA_CERTIFICATES, SERVER_CERTIFICATES, and CLIENT_CERTIFICATES exist in the chaos namespace and contain Base64-encoded key/crt pairs (ca.key/ca.crt, server.key/server.crt, client.key/client.crt). The server certificate must include the target pod's service name in its SAN list.

Custom responses persist after pod-api-modify-response-custom ends

Automated cleanup did not complete. Restart the target pod to reset its network state. If the issue recurs, capture the chaos pod logs from the experiment namespace before the next run and share them with Harness support.

Related faults

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